What are the types of autoimmune disease?
There are hundreds of autoimmune diseases, each distinguished by the tissue type or organ targeted by the immune system. Some of the most common autoimmune disorders include rheumatoid arthritis, in which the immune system targets the joints; lupus, which is an autoimmune reaction to connective tissue; celiac disease, in which gluten triggers autoimmune damage of the small intestine; and Hashimoto’s disease, in which the thyroid gland is targeted by the immune system leading to hypothyroidism.
What are some symptoms of an autoimmune disorder?
The symptoms of autoimmune disease vary depending on the organ or tissue targeted by the immune system, however, some symptoms that are displayed across many autoimmune conditions are fatigue, low-grade fever and inflammation of the afflicted area. Some of the most commonly affected areas are the joints, skin, thyroid and digestive tract, so joint pain, skin manifestations, changes in metabolism and digestive issues are also common components of autoimmunity.
What causes autoimmune diseases?
Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks an organ or tissue in the body as if it were a foreign invader, resulting in pain, inflammation and tissue destruction. Although the exact cause is unknown, researchers believe that some pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or even certain foods may display proteins similar to some in our own tissue, triggering an immune system attack. While some microorganisms may precipitate an attack, others are beneficial and healthy. Diverse microbiomes may be protective of autoimmune conditions. To add a layer of complexity, individual genetic predispositions can also increase the likelihood of developing an autoimmune condition.
