Misguided Medicine

Massachusetts General Hospital consistently ranks as one of the world's top medical facilities. It conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States. Case reports from Massachusetts General Hospital are routinely published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine.

Doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital observed that prescription sales of testosterone increased by 500% in the United States between years 1993 and 2000 and continue to surge.¹ This prompted these doctors to study the effects of testosterone and estrogen on body composition, strength, and sexual function in men.²

The results of this study published in the New England Journal of Medicine confirm Life Extension's long-standing position that restoring testosterone blood levels to youthful range reduces body fat,³ increases lean muscle,⁴ improves strength,⁵ and enhances sexual function.⁶

This study also helped corroborate the adverse impact when estrogen levels are out of range in men.

What troubles us, however, is the medieval manner in which this study at Massachusetts General Hospital was designed, why the doctors overdosed study subjects on an estrogen-suppressing drug, and why the media treated certain findings as a discovery when they're not new.

The men in this study who were overdosed on the estrogen-suppressing drug had their estrogen drop to dangerously low levels. This led the study doctors to proclaim that men need estrogen and testosterone.

We fear this study will cause physicians to avoid appropriately prescribing estrogen-suppressing drugs, which will result in tragedies as estrogen overload is a serious condition in many aging men (as is estrogen deficit).

"Authorities" are often viewed as reliable sources of expert information. This editorial exposes errors committed by mainstream doctors who attempted to study the effects of aggressive testosterone and estrogen modulation in males. These medical "authorities" appear to have made little effort in identifying clinically validated methods of optimizing hormone status in aging men.

Aging is accompanied by an imbalance of hormones required to sustain life.

As a man's testosterone declines, his risk of dying greatly increases.^7-9

Heart disease,^10-13 osteoporosis,^14,15 and muscle wasting^16,17 are strongly linked to testosterone deficiency, as are chronic inflammatory^18-20 and neurodegenerative disorders.^21-25 Doctors are often surprised to learn that men with low testosterone show an increased incidence of prostate cancer.^26-30

Long before life prematurely ends, testosterone deficit can manifest in the form of psychological disturbances such as depression,^23,31,32 reduced sexual desire,^33-35 and a loss of sense of well-being.^32,36

Life Extension^® has long urged male members to have their blood tested for testosterone and to restore levels to youthful ranges if they are low.

Estrogen Balance Critical To Aging Men

When Life Extension started offering comprehensive blood test panels back in 1996, men did not understand why we were checking their estrogen levels. Back in those days, estrogen was viewed as a hormone of importance only to women.

We tested estrogen blood levels in men based on published data indicating that when estrogen levels are unbalanced , the risk of degenerative disease in aging men skyrockets.^37-40 Of concern to us 18 years ago were reports showing that excess estrogen contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.^41,42 Human clinical studies conducted more than a decade later confirmed our suspicions. Men with even slightly elevated estrogen levels doubled their risk of stroke and had far higher incidences of coronary artery disease.^43-45

Our early observations also revealed that men presenting with benign prostate enlargement or prostate cancer had higher blood estrogen levels (and often low testosterone).^46-48 Subsequent clinical and laboratory studies helped confirm our early observations.^49-53

Insufficient estrogen, on the other hand, predisposes men to ailments such as osteoporosis and bone fracture.^54,55

The fact that 99% of men today have no idea what their blood estrogen levels are helps explain the epidemic of age-related disease that is bankrupting this nation's medical system.

Higher Mortality In Men With Unbalanced Estrogen

Conventional doctors tend to ignore hard science even after it appears in their own medical journals.

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) measured blood estradiol (a dominant estrogen) in 501 men with chronic heart failure. Compared to men in the balanced estrogen quintile, men in the lowest estradiol quintile were 317% more likely to die during a three-year follow-up, while men in the highest estradiol quintile were 133% more likely to die.⁵⁶

The men in the balanced quintile-with the fewest deaths-had serum estradiol levels between 21.80 and 30.11 pg/mL. This is virtually the ideal range that Life Extension^® has long recommended aging men strive for.

The men in the highest quintile who suffered 133% increased death rates had serum estradiol levels above 37.39 pg/mL. The lowest estradiol group that suffered a 317% increased death rate had serum estradiol levels under 12.90 pg/mL.

The dramatic increase in mortality in men with unbalanced estrogen (estradiol levels either too high or too low) is nothing short of astounding. It uncovered a gaping hole in conventional medical practice that is easily correctable.

Massachusetts General Hospital Doctors Overlooked These Studies

The study I just described revealing the dangers of estrogen imbalance was published in the May 13, 2009, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association. This JAMA study corroborated previous studies validating the critical importance for aging men to maintain their estradiol blood levels in optimal ranges.

Yet doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital seemed oblivious to this JAMA study when they overdosed their study subjects on the estrogen-suppressing drug "anastrozole." The brand name of this drug is Arimidex^®.

Recall that when estradiol levels drop below 12.90 pg/mL, death rates increased317% in heart-failure patients. Also recall that optimal estradiol blood levels are between 20-30 pg/mL.

By overdosing the study subjects on the estrogen-suppressing drug, doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital caused estradiol blood levels to plummet to a frighteningly low range of 1.0 to 2.8 pg/mL. This is 10 times lower than the optimal estradiol threshold.

When the arm of the study that was overdosed on the estrogen-suppressing drug developed adverse effects, the doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital proclaimed that men indeed require estrogen, as if this were a surprising discovery.

The media picked up on this misinterpreted data and undermined the value of estrogen-suppressing drugs when properly prescribed to men suffering estrogen overload.

How Much Of An Overdose?

There is no question that men require a certain amount of estrogen, as they do testosterone, to sustain life. Most estrogen in men is produced through the aromatization (conversion) of testosterone to estrogen in the body. This transformation occurs in response to the enzyme aromatase.

When men have high levels of aromatase, they convert too much testosterone into estrogen, which can cause them to be low on testosterone and high on estrogen. These men need a drug like anastrozole to inhibit the aromatase enzyme. The typical dose an aging man needs of anastrozole is 0.5 mg twice per week. In some cases, a man may need 1.0 mg of anastrozole twice a week.

In contrast, doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital gave men in the estrogen-suppressing group an outlandish dose of 7.0 mg per week of anastrozole. This anastrozole dose is seven times higher than what has been shown to safely reduce elevated estradiol to optimal ranges in most aging men.

We at Life Extension have no idea why such a high dose of anastrozole would ever be given to men. Perhaps since it's sold in 1 mg tablets, the physicians who designed the study thought the men should take one per day. This dose of 1 mg/day is what female breast cancer patients sometimes take to suppress estrogen production in their bodies. It is an egregiously excessive dose for men to take, as evidenced by the suppression of estradiol in these study subjects to virtually non-existent levels (1.0 to 2.8 pg/mL of blood).

The estrogen-suppressing drug (anastrozole) was given to every man in the estrogen-suppressing arm of the study, regardless of what the man's estradiol blood level was. This meant many of these men were taking this potent drug when they did not even need it.

Unethical Use Of Testosterone-Suppressing Drug And Excess Radiation Exposure

The study conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital was performed in a way that raises medical ethical issues. The doctors took a group of healthy men aged 20-50 years with normal testosterone levels and initially gave them a powerful drug ( Zoladex^®) that drastically suppressed their testosterone.

We at Life Extension have long been aware of the negative impact this kind of hormone depletion creates. Prostate cancer patients who undergo "androgen deprivation" suffer rapid bone loss,^57-60 muscle atrophy,^61-63 abdominal fat gain,^64,65 and a host of other adverse changes that are not always reversible.

The long-term effect of testosterone deprivation was demonstrated later in this study at Massachusetts General Hospital when men whose testosterone was restored to the higher ranges did not fully recover sexual function lost by this intentional suppression of testosterone.

Instead of taking healthy men and depleting them of their life-sustaining hormones, the doctors could have chosen to study men over age 50 whose testosterone levels had already plummeted to ultra-low ranges. By studying younger men who were not testosterone deficient, the researchers lost an opportunity to directly apply the study outcomes to aging men who are most in need of testosterone restoration.

Another issue we have with this study was the continuous repeated use of DXA and CT body composition scans. While these scans enable precise body fat measurements,⁶⁶ they emit huge amounts of radiation that could create cancers later in life.⁶⁷

The men in this study who were initially deprived of testosterone (and estrogen) may have suffered bone loss and endothelial dysfunction.⁶⁸ The tragic impact would be an increased risk of fracture and vascular disease later in life.

The pathological effects of even short-term androgen deprivation are variable, unpredictable, and can result in barbaric consequences. Repeated exposure to radiation emitting CT and DXA scans is not something that young healthy men should undergo when it is not medically necessary.

This is why I allege at the beginning of this article that this study at Massachusetts General Hospital was designed in a " medieval" manner.

Low Estradiol And Testosterone Predict Mortality In Aging Men

To further substantiate the lethal impact of hormone deficiency, another study published in 2009 evaluated 3,014 men aged69-80 years. Serum levels of testosterone and estradiol were measured during a mean follow-up of 4.5 years.

This study showed that men with low testosterone had 65% greater all-cause mortality, while men with low estradiol suffered 54% more deaths.⁶⁹ Men low in estradiol and testosterone were almost twice as likely to die (a 96% increase in mortality) compared to men in the optimal ranges.⁶⁹

This large study of aged men corroborates prior published reports linking imbalances of testosterone and/or estradiol with greater incidences of degenerative disease and death.^{10,12,38-40,46,70-76}

Why the authorities at Massachusetts General Hospital suppressed estradiol to dangerously low levels (1.0 to 2.8 pg/mL) in their study subjects is beyond our comprehension. It undermined the clinical value of the data they acquired.

Encouraging Findings From Massachusetts General Hospital Study

In the study conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital, groups of men were first given varying doses of the testosterone-suppressing drug (Zoladex^®) for 12 weeks. They were then given various doses of topical testosterone cream for 16 weeks. One group received testosterone cream only, while the other group received testosterone cream plus the estrogen-suppressing drug (anastrozole).

The doctors used some sophisticated techniques to measure parameters such as belly fat, strength, lean muscle, and sexual function. As mentioned earlier, DXA and CT scans were performed to determine lean mass as well as subcutaneous belly fat and visceral fat. Validated methods were used to determine sexual function, physical function,vitality, strength, and overall health status of the men enrolled in the study.

In men given the proper dose of testosterone cream, significant anti-aging effects were clearly evident.

In the group of men whose blood levels of total testosterone increased to 805 ng/dL and whose estradiol levels rose nearest the optimal ranges (20-30 pg/mL), there were significant reductions in belly fat with improvements in lean muscle, strength, and sexual function. The total testosterone blood level (805 ng/dL) in men who attained these benefits falls squarely within the optimal range that Life Extension has advocated since 1996.

These benefits did not occur in the group of men given testosterone plus 7 mg/week of anastrozole. These men in fact suffered a decrease in lean muscle and increased belly fat. Compared to the men who achieved optimal testosterone and estradiol blood levels, the study subjects who were overdosed on anastrozole experienced decreased sexual function and strength.

Another important finding from this study was that the only group that achieved a significant decrease in body fat was men who achieved total testosterone blood levels averaging 805 ng/dL. In fact, men who received a placebo or low-dose testosterone showed a substantial increase in subcutaneous belly fat compared to those who achieved optimal serum total testosterone levels.

Life Extension has long recommended that aging men maintain total testosterone at an optimal range of 700-900 ng/mL. This Massachusetts General Hospital study helps confirm that the greatest benefits occur when total testosterone and estradiol levels are in ranges that can easily be achieved and monitored utilizing comprehensive blood tests.

Misinterpretation Of The Massachusetts General Hospital Study

The doctors who conducted the study at Massachusetts General Hospital extolled their findings about the adverse effects seen in men prescribed the absurdly high dose of anastrozole.

They noted the increased percentage of abdominal fat as well as decreased sexual desire and erectile function seen in their estrogen-deficient study subjects. These doctors extrapolated that since abdominal fat mass is associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome, that the marked increase in visceral fat seen in men prescribed high-dose anastrozole could portend increases in cardiovascular disease.

The problem is that estradiol was artificially suppressed down to levels not seen in the real world. It thus is not surprising that these men with virtually no estrogen suffered unwanted side effects.

The doctors who performed this study concluded that men need sufficient levels of estrogen, as well as testosterone, to stay healthy. The media made it appear as if a major discovery had occurred, i.e. a newly found role for estrogen in males. This is not a new finding!

Scientists long ago identified men's biological requirements for estrogen, and published studies of aging men clearly demonstrate the lethal impact when estradiol levels are too high or too low.^43,69

The implication from this study's findings was that doctors should use caution when prescribing estrogen-suppressing drugs to their male patients. Nowhere do they mention that the study subjects were grossly overdosed on anastrozole to the point that estradiol levels dropped to virtually nonexistent levels.

In today's sound bite environment, practicing physicians will be even less likely to prescribe the proper dose of anastrozole (1 mg a week) to men whose estradiol levels are over 30 pg/mL. At Life Extension, we sometimes see aging men with estradiol levels over 60 pg/mL. These men are in urgent need of aromatase-inhibition using the proper dose of anastrozole, yet their doctors might erroneously refuse to prescribe it because they will recall the misinterpretation of this study emanating from esteemed Massachusetts General Hospital.

On a positive note, doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital stated in their concluding remarks that some of the deleterious effects of aging may be related to changes in testosterone and estrogen levels that "may be preventable with appropriate replacement."

At least the medical authorities are recognizing that aging men do indeed require testosterone and estrogen.

Our Early Battles With Medical "Authorities"

When Life Extension first recommended that aging men restore their testosterone to youthful levels, a firestorm of criticism erupted.

The medical establishment proclaimed that by interfering with the natural decline in testosterone secretion, men risked all kinds of terrible fates. When Life Extension members asked their doctors for testosterone prescriptions, they ran into objections such as,"I don't prescribe steroids," "testosterone causes heart attacks," and "testosterone causes prostate cancer."

We countered these criticisms with hundreds of scientific citations showing that testosterone deficiency is an underlying cause of many age-related diseases. We also demonstrated that none of the paranoid fears about natural testosterone had ever been substantiated.

Low Testosterone Increases Prostate Cancer Risk

 Fear of prostate cancer was the leading reason why aging men historically shied away from restoring their testosterone.

To dispel this concern, Life Extension analyzed every published study in the 1990s and found there was no basis for asserting that testosterone causes prostate cancer.^86-91

Our observations from the thousands of blood tests we perform each year for members corroborate this. What we found is that men with low testosterone appear to be more likely to contract prostate cancer.

In the book Testosterone for Life, authored by Harvard researcher Abraham Morgentaler, MD, the misleading notion about testosterone causing prostate cancer was exposed in meticulous detail.

Dr. Morgentaler dropped a bombshell on the medical establishment in 2008 showing that men with low testosterone levels have an increased percentage of prostate cancer-positive biopsies.⁹² This and other findings have led to the record number of aging men being prescribed natural testosterone today.

Critical Importance Of Blood Testing

Today's conventional physicians prescribe blood tests to check glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides, but rarely check their male patients' testosterone and estradiol levels.

When looking at the higher mortality rates associated with imbalances of these critical hormones, it becomes strikingly apparent that a significant number of heart attacks, strokes, bone fractures, and other degenerative diseases are easily preventable.

One reason these hormone blood tests are not normally prescribed is their high retail cost, and the fact that insurance companies may not routinely pay for them.

As a member of the Life Extension Foundation^®, you don't have to be victimized by conventional medical ignorance, high prices, or insurance company indifference.

Take Charge Of Your Health

An all-inclusive blood test panel that includes total testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, and PSA can be very expensive at commercial labs. Life Extension members obtain these tests at a huge discount.

If your blood test result reveals imbalanced testosterone and/or estradiol, you are in a position to initiate immediate corrective action. Not only can restoring youthful hormone balance save your life, but men (and women) often experience an enhancement in their quality of life after their hormones are adjusted to optimal ranges.

A description of the Male and Female Blood Test Panels can be found above. As you'll readily see, these panels contain many important tests (such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and DHEA) that mainstream doctors seldom check for.

When you order these tests, a requisition form is sent listing blood drawing stations in your local area. Appointments are usually not necessary, meaning you can have your blood drawn at your convenience. Results are mailed (or emailed) to you usually within five days.

Annual Blood Test Super Sale

High prices charged by commercial labs for comprehensive blood testing preclude most people from having them done. The tragic result is that aging humans needlessly suffer the ill effects of hormone imbalances.

Life Extension breaks down these price barriers by offering Male or Female Blood Test Panels at the lowest prices anywhere. Once a year, we discount the popular Male and Female Blood Test Panels to only $199-far less than what commercial labs charge.

The Blood Test Super Sale ends June 2, 2014, so please order your requisition kit to take advantage of these extra discounted prices. You can have your blood drawn any time after receiving your requisition kit.

The results of your blood tests are rapidly sent directly to you. If you have any questions, you are welcome to call our health advisor helpline.

Annual blood testing is the single most effective method of detecting abnormalities before they lead to serious illness or death. A call to 1-800-208-3444 is all you have to do to order these comprehensive tests at extra discounted prices.

For longer life,

William Faloon

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